Glossary
of Land
Administration Terms
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A B C D E
F G H
I J K L M
N O P
Q R S T
U V W X Y Z
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Absolute
title
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an
unconditional title for which no other person has a better right
to the land.
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Abstract
of title
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a
summary of documents and facts showing the ownership of a piece
of land or property.
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Adjudication
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the
process whereby the ownership and rights in land are officially
determined
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Adverse
possession
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the
occupation of land inconsistent with the rights of the true
owner. > more
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Alienation
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the
power of an owner to dispose of interest in land or property. In
particular land may be alienated from the State and granted to
private individuals
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Appraisal
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estimating
the market value of property
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Assessment
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determining
the tax level for a property based upon its relative market
value
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Assign
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to
transfer property rights from one person to another, for example
in a lease or mortgage certificate
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Attribute
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a
characteristic of an object which may be used in its
classification
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Base
map
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a
general purpose map upon which specific-purpose maps are based.
A base map is usually made with reference to the national
geodetic survey network, and plotted in terms of the national
co-ordinate system
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Boundary
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either
the physical objects marking the limits of a property or an
imaginary line or surface marking the division between two legal
estates. Also used to describe the division between features
with different administrative, legal, land-use, topographic,
etc., characteristics
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Cadastral
index map
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a
map showing the legal property framework of all land within an
area, including property boundaries, administrative boundaries,
parcel identifiers, sometimes the area of each parcel, road
reserves and administrative names
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Cadastral
map
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a
map showing land parcel boundaries. Cadastral maps may also show
buildings.
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Cadastral
surveying
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the
surveying and mapping of land parcel boundaries in support of a
country’s land administration, conveyancing or land
registration system
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Cadastre
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a
type of land information system that records land parcels. The
term includes:
-Juridical
cadastre: a register of ownership of parcels of land;
-Fiscal
cadastre: a register of properties recording their value;
-Land-use
cadastre: a register of land use;
-Multi-purpose
cadastre: a register including many attributes of land parcels
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Caution
or caveat
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an
entry in the registers or court records preventing certain
actions being taken without notice to the person registering the
caution or caveat
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Charge
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an
interest in property for example when held as security for a
debt
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Civil
law
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the
law laid down by the State regarding the rights of inhabitants.
Also known as Roman law
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Collateral
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the
use of property as a guarantee for a loan
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Common
law
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the
unwritten law based originally on common customs and precedent
but now administered by the courts
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Condominium
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the
co-ownership of property especially in a block of apartments
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Consolidation
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the
planning and redistribution of land into units of more economic
and rational size, shape and location
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Contract
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an
agreement enforceable by law
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Conveyance
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a
method whereby rights in land are transferred from one owner to
another. The rights may be full ownership or a mortgage, charge
or lease, etc
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Customary
law
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unwritten
law established by long usage
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Customary
tenure
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the
holding of land in accordance with customary law
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Deed
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a
legal document laying out the conditions which land is
transferred
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Demarcation
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the
marking-out of the boundaries of each land parcel on the ground
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Demarcation
map
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a
map prepared to show the parcels of land as determined during
the process of adjudication
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Easement
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a
right enjoyed by one landowner (the dominant tenement) over that
of another (the servient tenement), for instance a right of
access or for the passage of water or electricity
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Estate
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in
legal terms, an interest in land. The terms is also used to
refer to the physical land and property to which that interest
relates
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Expropriation
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the
compulsory depriving of an owner of property in return for
compensation
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Fiscal
value
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the
value of real-estate property used for taxation purposes.
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Fixed
boundary
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the
legal boundary of a property where the precise line has been
agreed and recorded
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Fragmentation
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the
division of land units too small for rational exploitation,
usually as a result of the system of inheritance. The process
may lead to a multiplicity of parcels for one owner or a
multiplicity of owners of one parcel
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Freehold
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a
free tenure, distinct from leasehold, in which the owner has the
maximum rights permissible within the tenure system
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General
boundary
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a
boundary for which the precise line on the ground has not been
determined.
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General
cadastre
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an
official public record usually recording the ownership rights,
value, and quantity of land in a jurisdiction, State or country.
The legal land parcels are recorded in registers and on
cadastral maps
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Geodesy
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the
scientific study of the size and shape of the Earth and the
determination of positions upon it
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Geodetic
framework or network
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a
spatial framework of points whose position has been precisely
determined on the surface of the Earth
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Geodetic
survey
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the
process of determining the exact spatial position of points on
the Earth’s surface. The geodetic network is a basis for
topographic, environmental and cadastral surveying and mapping
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Geographic
information system (GIS)
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a
system for capturing, storing, checking, integrating, analysing
and displaying data about the Earth that is spatially
referenced. It is normally taken to include a spatially
referenced database and appropriate applications software.
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Global
positioning system (GPS)
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a
system for fixing positions on the surface of the Earth by
measuring the ranges to a special set of satellites orbiting the
Earth
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Grant
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a
general word to describe the transfer of property whereby rights
pass from the “grantor” to the “grantee”.
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Hypothec
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a
charge on property as a security against a financial loan in
which the property remains in the possession of the person
receiving the loan
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Land
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the
surface of the Earth, the materials beneath, the air above and
all things fixed to the soil
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Land
administration
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the
processes of determining, recording and disseminating
information about the ownership, value and use of land when
implementing land management policies
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Land
information system (LIS)
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a
system for acquiring, processing, storing and distributing
information about land
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Land
management
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the
activities associated with the management of land as a resource
from both an environmental and an economic perspective
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Land
parcel
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an
area of land under homogeneous property rights and unique
ownership.
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Land
reform
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the
various processes involved in altering the pattern of land
tenure and distribution of land
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Land
register
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a
public register used to record the existence of deeds or title
documents.
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Land
registration
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the
process of recording rights in land either in the form of
registration of deeds or else through the registration of title
to land
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Land
tenure
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the
mode of holding rights in land
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Land
title
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the
evidence of a person’s rights to land
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Leasehold
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land
held under a lease, which is a contract by which the right of
exclusive possession of land is granted by a landlord (the
lessor) to a tenant (the lessee) for an agreed amount of money
for an agreed period of time
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Lot
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a
land parcel
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Market
value
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the
most probable sale
price of a real-estate property in terms of money, assuming a
competitive and open market
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Mass
appraisal
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the
process of valuing a group of real-estate properties at a given
date, using standard methods
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Metes
and bounds
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a
property description by reference to the bearings and lengths of
the boundary lines (metes) together with the names of adjoining
properties (bounds).
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Mortgage
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the
conveyance of a property by a debtor (called the mortgagor) to a
creditor (called the mortgagee) as security for a financial loan
with the provision that the property shall be returned when the
loan is paid off by a certain date. In some legal systems there
is provision that the mortgagee has the power to sell the
concerned property when the interest is not paid in time and the
loan is not paid off by a certain date in accordance with the
agreed stipulations
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Orthophotography
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a
composite aerial photograph from which height and tilt
displacements have been removed
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Overriding
interest
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a
legal interest in land that has legal force even though not
recorded in the land registers
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Photogrammetry
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the
science and art of taking accurate measurements from
photographs.
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Prescription
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the
gaining of a right by reason of a lapse of time
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Private
conveyancing
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the
transfer of rights in land without any public record of the
transfer.
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Property
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a
legal right or ownership, possession, use and enjoyment of a
thing. > more
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Provisional
title
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a
registered
title that should in due course become an absolute title
provided that no objections are registered within a prescribed
period
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Real
estate
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land-related
property
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Real
property
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land
and any things attached to the land including buildings,
apartments and other construction and natural objects such as
trees
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Rectification
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the
legal process whereby errors on a land register may be corrected
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Registration
of deeds
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a
system whereby a register of documents is maintained relating to
the transfer of rights in land
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Registration
of title
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a
system whereby a register of ownership of land is maintained
based upon the parcel rather than the owner or the deeds of
transfer
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Registry
index map
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a
map showing all land that has been registered within a given
area.
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Rental
value
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the
value of a property in terms of the rent which may be derived
from it.
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Restitution
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the
restoration of former rights in land involving the
re-privatization of land and property or the creation of new
property rights over land formerly taken over by the State.
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Restrictive
covenant
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an
agreement whereby one landowner agrees to restrict certain ways
in which the land might be used for the benefit of another
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Root
of title
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a
document dealing with the whole legal and equitable interest in
real property that provides certainty in any legal disposition
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Servitude
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an
easement
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Sporadic
adjudication
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the
determination of rights in land here and there, now and then.
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Stamp
duty
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a
levy charged on the transfer of property
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Statute
of limitations
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a
statute that limits the period during which a claim, for
instance for the restoration of rights in land, can be pursued
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Strata
title
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title
to land which is not necessarily divided horizontally, such as
in high-rise buildings or for mining rights
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Subdivision
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the
process of dividing a land parcel into smaller parcels
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Systematic
adjudication
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the
determination of rights in land on a regular and systematic
basis, for example within one area at one time
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Tenure
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the
method whereby land rights are held
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Title
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the
evidence of a person’s right to property
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Title
deeds
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documents
giving evidence of title to land
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Title
plan
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a
plan especially drawn to show the boundaries of land parcels.
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Topology
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the
study of properties of a geometric figure which are not
dependent upon absolute position, such as connectivity
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